Relating L-Resilience and Wait-Freedom via Hitting Sets

The condition of t-resilience stipulates that an n-process program is only obliged to make progress when at least n-t processes are correct. Put another way, the live sets, the collection of process sets such that progress is required if all the processes in one of these sets are correct, are all sets with at least n-t processes. We show that the ability of arbitrary collection of live sets L to solve distributed tasks is tightly related to the minimum hitting set of L, a minimum cardinality subset of processes that has a non-empty intersection with every live set. Thus, finding the computing power of L is NP-complete. For the special case of colorless tasks that allow participating processes to adopt input or output values of each other, we use a simple simulation to show that a task can be solved L-resiliently if and only if it can be solved (h-1)-resiliently, where h is the size of the minimum hitting set of L. For general tasks, we characterize L-resilient solvability of tasks with respect to a limited notion of weak solvability: in every execution where all processes in some set in L are correct, outputs must be produced for every process in some (possibly different) participating set in L. Given a task T, we construct another task T_L such that T is solvable weakly L-resiliently if and only if T_L is solvable weakly wait-free

Workshop on Defeasible Reasoning with Specificity and Multiple Inheritance

A workshop on defeasible reasoning with specificity was held in under the Arch in St. Louis during April 1989, with support fro AAAI and McDonnell Douglas, and the assistance of Rockwell Science Center Palo Alto and the Department of Computer Science of Washington University. The document includes a report on the proceedings and parts of the workshop notes that can be distributed. These include the schedule, lists of participants, synopses of systems, and benchmark problems

OTROVANJE GLJIVOM AMANITA PHALLOIDES – RANO LIJEČENJE AKTIVNIM UGLJENOM I N-ACETIL CISTEINOM: PRIKAZ BOLESNIKA I KRATAK PREGLED LITERATURE

Consumption of wild poison mushrooms is one of the serious poisonings which may end in death. The present case report and recent literature review describe Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning and possible treatment for this emergency state. A 59-year-old male presented in the Emergency Unit of the Foggia University Hospital, Italy, with clinical signs of extreme dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, 12 h after consuming one ovule of a wild mushroom that was mistaken for an edible ovule of the Boletus edulis mushroom. The suspected poison mushrooms were collected in the forest near the city of Foggia, Italy. Urgent examination of urine showed the presence of _-amanitin. After 6 days of intensive and supportive treatment with activated charcoal and N-acetyl cysteine, the patient was transferred to the internal medicine department and discharged without organ complications 10 days after mushroom ingestion. Early recognition of mushroom poisoning and immediate intensive treatment with supportive care give the patients a better chance for survival after this fatal poisoning.Jedenje divljih otrovnih gljiva može dovesti do ozbiljnog otrovanja i smrti. Prikaz bolesnika i pregled najnovije literature opisuje otrovanje gljivama Amanita phalloides te moguće načine liječenja ovoga hitnog stanja. Poslije 12 sati nakon što je pojeo jajašce otrovne gljive, koje je zabunom zamijenio za jajašce jestive gljive vrganj (Boletus edulis), 54-godišnji muškarac je došao na hitni prijam Kliničke bolnice u Foggiai, Italija, s kliničkom slikom velike slabosti, mučninom, povraćanjem i proljevom. Prikupljene gljive bile su ubrane u šumi blizu grada Foggia. Hitan pregled mokraće je pokazao prisutnost otrova alfa-amanitina. Nakon šest dana liječenja na intenzivnoj njezi aktivnim ugljenom i N-acetil cisteinom pacijent je bio prebačen na odjel interne medicine bez komplikacija na organima te je nakon 10 dana bio otpušten iz bolnice. Rano prepoznavanje otrovanja gljivama i rano intenzivno liječenje s potporom životnih funkcija daje dobre izglede za preživljavanje ovoga opasnog otrovanja

OTROVANJE GLJIVOM AMANITA PHALLOIDES – RANO LIJEČENJE AKTIVNIM UGLJENOM I N-ACETIL CISTEINOM: PRIKAZ BOLESNIKA I KRATAK PREGLED LITERATURE

Consumption of wild poison mushrooms is one of the serious poisonings which may end in death. The present case report and recent literature review describe Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning and possible treatment for this emergency state. A 59-year-old male presented in the Emergency Unit of the Foggia University Hospital, Italy, with clinical signs of extreme dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, 12 h after consuming one ovule of a wild mushroom that was mistaken for an edible ovule of the Boletus edulis mushroom. The suspected poison mushrooms were collected in the forest near the city of Foggia, Italy. Urgent examination of urine showed the presence of _-amanitin. After 6 days of intensive and supportive treatment with activated charcoal and N-acetyl cysteine, the patient was transferred to the internal medicine department and discharged without organ complications 10 days after mushroom ingestion. Early recognition of mushroom poisoning and immediate intensive treatment with supportive care give the patients a better chance for survival after this fatal poisoning.Jedenje divljih otrovnih gljiva može dovesti do ozbiljnog otrovanja i smrti. Prikaz bolesnika i pregled najnovije literature opisuje otrovanje gljivama Amanita phalloides te moguće načine liječenja ovoga hitnog stanja. Poslije 12 sati nakon što je pojeo jajašce otrovne gljive, koje je zabunom zamijenio za jajašce jestive gljive vrganj (Boletus edulis), 54-godišnji muškarac je došao na hitni prijam Kliničke bolnice u Foggiai, Italija, s kliničkom slikom velike slabosti, mučninom, povraćanjem i proljevom. Prikupljene gljive bile su ubrane u šumi blizu grada Foggia. Hitan pregled mokraće je pokazao prisutnost otrova alfa-amanitina. Nakon šest dana liječenja na intenzivnoj njezi aktivnim ugljenom i N-acetil cisteinom pacijent je bio prebačen na odjel interne medicine bez komplikacija na organima te je nakon 10 dana bio otpušten iz bolnice. Rano prepoznavanje otrovanja gljivama i rano intenzivno liječenje s potporom životnih funkcija daje dobre izglede za preživljavanje ovoga opasnog otrovanja

High-level feature detection from video in TRECVid: a 5-year retrospective of achievements

Successful and effective content-based access to digital video requires fast, accurate and scalable methods to determine the video content automatically. A variety of contemporary approaches to this rely on text taken from speech within the video, or on matching one video frame against others using low-level characteristics like colour, texture, or shapes, or on determining and matching objects appearing within the video. Possibly the most important technique, however, is one which determines the presence or absence of a high-level or semantic feature, within a video clip or shot. By utilizing dozens, hundreds or even thousands of such semantic features we can support many kinds of content-based video navigation. Critically however, this depends on being able to determine whether each feature is or is not present in a video clip. The last 5 years have seen much progress in the development of techniques to determine the presence of semantic features within video. This progress can be tracked in the annual TRECVid benchmarking activity where dozens of research groups measure the effectiveness of their techniques on common data and using an open, metrics-based approach. In this chapter we summarise the work done on the TRECVid high-level feature task, showing the progress made year-on-year. This provides a fairly comprehensive statement on where the state-of-the-art is regarding this important task, not just for one research group or for one approach, but across the spectrum. We then use this past and on-going work as a basis for highlighting the trends that are emerging in this area, and the questions which remain to be addressed before we can achieve large-scale, fast and reliable high-level feature detection on video

On the Computational Power of Shared Objects

Abstract. We propose a new classification for evaluating the strength of shared objects. The classification is based on finding, for each object of type o, the strongest progress condition for which it is possible to solve consensus for any number of processes, using any number of objects of type o and atomic registers. We use the strongest progress condition to associate with each object a number call the power number of that object. Objects with higher power numbers are considered stronger. Then, we define the power hierarchy which is an infinite hi-erarchy of objects such that the objects at level i of the hierarchy are exactly those objects with power number i. Comparing our classification with the traditional one which is based on fixing the progress condition (namely, wait-freedom) and finding the largest number of processes for which consensus is solvable, reveals interesting results. Our equivalence and extended universality results, provide a deeper understanding of the nature of the relative computational power of shared objects

Cognitive Components of Regularity Processing in the Auditory Domain

BACKGROUND: Music-syntactic irregularities often co-occur with the processing of physical irregularities. In this study we constructed chord-sequences such that perceived differences in the cognitive processing between regular and irregular chords could not be due to the sensory processing of acoustic factors like pitch repetition or pitch commonality (the major component of 'sensory dissonance'). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Two groups of subjects (musicians and nonmusicians) were investigated with electroencephalography (EEG). Irregular chords elicited an early right anterior negativity (ERAN) in the event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The ERAN had a latency of around 180 ms after the onset of the music-syntactically irregular chords, and had maximum amplitude values over right anterior electrode sites. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Because irregular chords were hardly detectable based on acoustical factors (such as pitch repetition and sensory dissonance), this ERAN effect reflects for the most part cognitive (not sensory) components of regularity-based, music-syntactic processing. Our study represents a methodological advance compared to previous ERP-studies investigating the neural processing of music-syntactically irregular chords